NMN (Nicotinamide mononucleotide) is an important precursor of NAD⁺ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), and NAD⁺ plays a core role in key physiological processes such as cellular energy metabolism, DNA repair, and regulation of cellular aging.
As people age, the level of NAD⁺ in the human body gradually decreases, which is closely related to many aging-related diseases.
Supplementing NMN is believed to bring about multiple potential health benefits by increasing the level of NAD⁺ in the body.
According to the latest research progress of GSHWORLD, the main functions and effects of NMN include:
1. Anti-aging and delaying degeneration related to aging
Activate longevity protein SIRT1
NMN participates in regulating cellular metabolism, anti-oxidative stress and mitochondrial function by increasing NAD⁺ levels and activating SIRT1 protein, which helps to delay cellular aging.
Improve aging-related phenotypes
Animal experiments have shown that NMN can inhibit weight gain, metabolic decline, cognitive decline and osteoporosis caused by aging.
2. Improve metabolic function
Enhance insulin sensitivity
Studies have confirmed that NMN can improve insulin resistance in T2DM mice and overweight/obese individuals, enhance insulin signal transduction in skeletal muscle, and help regulate blood sugar.
Improve glucose and lipid metabolism
It has an improving effect on glucose intolerance and lipid metabolism disorders caused by diet and age.
Regulate energy metabolism
Improve metabolic health by restoring the expression of genes related to oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.
3. Protect cardiovascular system
Delay vascular aging
NMN can improve vascular function, reduce vascular inflammation and decrease the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.
Protect cardiac function
In animal models, NMN can alleviate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and has an anti-atherosclerotic effect.
4. Protect central nervous system
Crossing blood-brain barrier
Research has found that NMN can enter the brain and increase the level of NAD⁺ in the hippocampus.
Promote neurovascular recovery
Improve mitochondrial function, have anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, and protect neurons.
Delay neuroinflammation
It has a protective effect on the retina, can reduce the death of photoreceptor cells, and has the potential to be used in the treatment of retinopathy.
5. Improve bone health
Prevention of osteoporosis
NMN can promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and reduce adipogenesis by up-regulating SIRT1.
Accelerate bone healing
Studies show that it can reduce the accumulation of senescent cells, prevent osteoporosis and promote fracture repair.
6. Safety and current status of clinical research
Good short-term safety
Early clinical trials have shown that short-term supplementation of NMN is safe in healthy individuals and can effectively increase NAD⁺ levels.
Long-term safety to be verified
At present, there is still a lack of safety data for long-term use.
Clinical transformation needs to be advanced
Although the preclinical research results are positive, the optimal dosage and specific effects of NMN in different tissues or diseases still need to be further verified by large-scale clinical trials.
NMN has shown broad potential in anti-aging, improving metabolism, protecting the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems and the nervous system, especially in improving insulin resistance and delaying the aging of blood vessels and bones, where the evidence is relatively sufficient.
